medtests.de · Sources
Sources
Every test page names the instrument or scientific basis it uses. This page collects the publicly linked sources, studies, and licensing notes.
ADHD / ASRS Kessler et al. 2005; WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale ADHD / WURS Ward, Wender & Reimherr 1993; retrospective childhood symptoms Autism / AQ-10 Allison, Auyeung & Baron-Cohen 2012; Autism Research Centre Autism / AQ-50 Baron-Cohen et al. 2001; Autism-Spectrum Quotient Autism / RAADS-R Ritvo et al. 2011; open-access validation study Autism / CAT-Q Hull et al. 2019; open-access validation study Depression / PHQ-9 Kroenke, Spitzer & Williams 2001; PHQ Screeners Anxiety / GAD-7 Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams & Löwe 2006; PHQ Screeners Alcohol / AUDIT-C original Bush et al. 1998; AUDIT Alcohol Consumption Questions Alcohol / AUDIT-C cutoffs Bradley et al. 2007; cutoffs men >= 4, women >= 3 Alcohol / German AUDIT validation Dybek et al. 2006; German AUDIT validation Alcohol / WHO AUDIT Guidelines WHO 2001; Guidelines for Use in Primary Care, 2nd Ed. Borderline / MSI-BPD Zanarini et al. 2003; McLean Screening Instrument Narcissism / NPI-16 Ames, Rose & Anderson 2006 PTSD / PC-PTSD-5 VA National Center for PTSD PTSD / PCL-5 Weathers et al. 2013; Blevins et al. 2015; PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, public domain (VA) Dissociation / DES-II Carlson & Putnam 1993 (update); earlier work Bernstein & Putnam 1986; the English original is free for research and clinical use; German items: our own non-normed translation, NOT the licensed German FDS edition Loneliness / De Jong Gierveld 6-item De Jong Gierveld & Van Tilburg 2006; own non-normed translation Self-esteem / Rosenberg scale Rosenberg 1965; own translation of the free original, no official cutoffs Smartphone addiction / SAS-SV Kwon et al. 2013; Smartphone Addiction Scale, Short Version; license CC BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); German items: our own translation and adaptation of the original Eating disorders / SCOFF Morgan, Reid & Lacey 1999 Bipolar / MDQ Hirschfeld et al. 2000 Social anxiety / SPIN Connor et al. 2000 OCD / OCI-R Foa et al. 2002 High sensitivity / HSP Aron & Aron 1997 Big Five / IPIP-50 International Personality Item Pool, public domain Stress self-check Modeled on perceived-stress research; not a PSS reproduction Burnout self-check Modeled on burnout research; not an MBI/CBI reproduction Attachment self-check Attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions; not an ECR-R reproduction Dark triad self-check Paulhus & Williams 2002; Jones & Paulhus 2014; not an SD3 reproduction Lipedema self-check Symptom checklist based on guideline and review literature; not a diagnostic test
Note
Some pages use established screening instruments, others a medically grounded symptom checklist. A self-test is never a substitute for a professional medical, psychotherapeutic, or diagnostic evaluation.